Global Mean Surface Temperature

---

Overview

This notebook uses similar techniques to the ECS notebook. Please refer to that notebook for details.

Prerequisites

Concepts	Importance	Notes
Understanding of NetCDF	Helpful	Familiarity with metadata structure
Seaborn	Helpful

• Time to learn: 10 minutes

---

Imports

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import xarray as xr
import numpy as np
import dask
from dask.diagnostics import progress
from tqdm.autonotebook import tqdm
import intake
import fsspec
import seaborn as sns

%matplotlib inline

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/1335193511.py:6: TqdmExperimentalWarning: Using `tqdm.autonotebook.tqdm` in notebook mode. Use `tqdm.tqdm` instead to force console mode (e.g. in jupyter console)
  from tqdm.autonotebook import tqdm

col = intake.open_esm_datastore("https://storage.googleapis.com/cmip6/pangeo-cmip6.json")
col

pangeo-cmip6 catalog with 7674 dataset(s) from 514818 asset(s):

	unique
activity_id	18
institution_id	36
source_id	88
experiment_id	170
member_id	657
table_id	37
variable_id	700
grid_label	10
zstore	514818
dcpp_init_year	60
version	736
derived_variable_id	0

[eid for eid in col.df['experiment_id'].unique() if 'ssp' in eid]

['ssp585',
 'ssp245',
 'ssp370SST-lowCH4',
 'ssp370-lowNTCF',
 'ssp370SST-lowNTCF',
 'ssp370SST-ssp126Lu',
 'ssp370SST',
 'ssp370pdSST',
 'ssp119',
 'ssp370',
 'esm-ssp585-ssp126Lu',
 'ssp126-ssp370Lu',
 'ssp370-ssp126Lu',
 'ssp126',
 'esm-ssp585',
 'ssp245-GHG',
 'ssp245-nat',
 'ssp460',
 'ssp434',
 'ssp534-over',
 'ssp245-stratO3',
 'ssp245-aer',
 'ssp245-cov-modgreen',
 'ssp245-cov-fossil',
 'ssp245-cov-strgreen',
 'ssp245-covid',
 'ssp585-bgc']

There is currently a significant amount of data for these runs:

expts = ['historical', 'ssp245', 'ssp585']

query = dict(
    experiment_id=expts,
    table_id='Amon',
    variable_id=['tas'],
    member_id = 'r1i1p1f1',
)

col_subset = col.search(require_all_on=["source_id"], **query)
col_subset.df.groupby("source_id")[
    ["experiment_id", "variable_id", "table_id"]
].nunique()

	experiment_id	variable_id	table_id
source_id
ACCESS-CM2	3	1	1
AWI-CM-1-1-MR	3	1	1
BCC-CSM2-MR	3	1	1
CAMS-CSM1-0	3	1	1
CAS-ESM2-0	3	1	1
CESM2-WACCM	3	1	1
CIESM	3	1	1
CMCC-CM2-SR5	3	1	1
CMCC-ESM2	3	1	1
CanESM5	3	1	1
E3SM-1-1	3	1	1
EC-Earth3	3	1	1
EC-Earth3-CC	3	1	1
EC-Earth3-Veg	3	1	1
EC-Earth3-Veg-LR	3	1	1
FGOALS-f3-L	3	1	1
FGOALS-g3	3	1	1
FIO-ESM-2-0	3	1	1
GFDL-CM4	3	1	1
GFDL-ESM4	3	1	1
IITM-ESM	3	1	1
INM-CM4-8	3	1	1
INM-CM5-0	3	1	1
IPSL-CM6A-LR	3	1	1
KACE-1-0-G	3	1	1
KIOST-ESM	3	1	1
MIROC6	3	1	1
MPI-ESM1-2-HR	3	1	1
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	3	1	1
MRI-ESM2-0	3	1	1
NESM3	3	1	1
NorESM2-LM	3	1	1
NorESM2-MM	3	1	1
TaiESM1	3	1	1

def drop_all_bounds(ds):
    drop_vars = [vname for vname in ds.coords
                 if (('_bounds') in vname ) or ('_bnds') in vname]
    return ds.drop(drop_vars)

def open_dset(df):
    assert len(df) == 1
    ds = xr.open_zarr(fsspec.get_mapper(df.zstore.values[0]), consolidated=True)
    return drop_all_bounds(ds)

def open_delayed(df):
    return dask.delayed(open_dset)(df)

from collections import defaultdict
dsets = defaultdict(dict)

for group, df in col_subset.df.groupby(by=['source_id', 'experiment_id']):
    dsets[group[0]][group[1]] = open_delayed(df)

dsets_ = dask.compute(dict(dsets))[0]

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/home/runner/miniconda3/envs/cookbook-dev/lib/python3.10/site-packages/xarray/coding/times.py:992: SerializationWarning: Unable to decode time axis into full numpy.datetime64 objects, continuing using cftime.datetime objects instead, reason: dates out of range
  dtype = _decode_cf_datetime_dtype(data, units, calendar, self.use_cftime)

/home/runner/miniconda3/envs/cookbook-dev/lib/python3.10/site-packages/xarray/coding/times.py:992: SerializationWarning: Unable to decode time axis into full numpy.datetime64 objects, continuing using cftime.datetime objects instead, reason: dates out of range
  dtype = _decode_cf_datetime_dtype(data, units, calendar, self.use_cftime)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/home/runner/miniconda3/envs/cookbook-dev/lib/python3.10/site-packages/xarray/core/indexing.py:526: SerializationWarning: Unable to decode time axis into full numpy.datetime64 objects, continuing using cftime.datetime objects instead, reason: dates out of range
  return np.asarray(self.get_duck_array(), dtype=dtype)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/354912406.py:4: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  return ds.drop(drop_vars)

Calculate global means:

def get_lat_name(ds):
    for lat_name in ['lat', 'latitude']:
        if lat_name in ds.coords:
            return lat_name
    raise RuntimeError("Couldn't find a latitude coordinate")

def global_mean(ds):
    lat = ds[get_lat_name(ds)]
    weight = np.cos(np.deg2rad(lat))
    weight /= weight.mean()
    other_dims = set(ds.dims) - {'time'}
    return (ds * weight).mean(other_dims)

expt_da = xr.DataArray(expts, dims='experiment_id', name='experiment_id',
                       coords={'experiment_id': expts})

dsets_aligned = {}

for k, v in tqdm(dsets_.items()):
    expt_dsets = v.values()
    if any([d is None for d in expt_dsets]):
        print(f"Missing experiment for {k}")
        continue

    for ds in expt_dsets:
        ds.coords['year'] = ds.time.dt.year

    # workaround for
    # https://github.com/pydata/xarray/issues/2237#issuecomment-620961663
    dsets_ann_mean = [v[expt].pipe(global_mean)
                             .swap_dims({'time': 'year'})
                             .drop('time')
                             .coarsen(year=12).mean()
                      for expt in expts]

    # align everything with the 4xCO2 experiment
    dsets_aligned[k] = xr.concat(dsets_ann_mean, join='outer',
                                 dim=expt_da)

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')
/tmp/ipykernel_2794/3176585284.py:19: DeprecationWarning: dropping variables using `drop` is deprecated; use drop_vars.
  .drop('time')

dsets_aligned_ = dask.compute(dsets_aligned)[0]

source_ids = list(dsets_aligned_.keys())
source_da = xr.DataArray(source_ids, dims='source_id', name='source_id',
                         coords={'source_id': source_ids})

big_ds = xr.concat([ds.reset_coords(drop=True)
                    for ds in dsets_aligned_.values()],
                    dim=source_da)

big_ds

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 374kB
Dimensions:        (source_id: 34, experiment_id: 3, year: 451)
Coordinates:
  * year           (year) float64 4kB 1.85e+03 1.851e+03 ... 2.299e+03 2.3e+03
  * experiment_id  (experiment_id) <U10 120B 'historical' 'ssp245' 'ssp585'
  * source_id      (source_id) <U16 2kB 'ACCESS-CM2' ... 'TaiESM1'
Data variables:
    tas            (source_id, experiment_id, year) float64 368kB 287.0 ... nan

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • source_id: 34
  • experiment_id: 3
  • year: 451
• Coordinates: (3)
  • year
    (year)
    float64
    1.85e+03 1.851e+03 ... 2.3e+03

    axis :

    T

    bounds :

    time_bnds

    long_name :

    time

    standard_name :

    time

    array([1850., 1851., 1852., ..., 2298., 2299., 2300.])

  • experiment_id
    (experiment_id)
    <U10
    'historical' 'ssp245' 'ssp585'

    array(['historical', 'ssp245', 'ssp585'], dtype='<U10')

  • source_id
    (source_id)
    <U16
    'ACCESS-CM2' ... 'TaiESM1'

    array(['ACCESS-CM2', 'AWI-CM-1-1-MR', 'BCC-CSM2-MR', 'CAMS-CSM1-0',
           'CAS-ESM2-0', 'CESM2-WACCM', 'CIESM', 'CMCC-CM2-SR5', 'CMCC-ESM2',
           'CanESM5', 'E3SM-1-1', 'EC-Earth3', 'EC-Earth3-CC', 'EC-Earth3-Veg',
           'EC-Earth3-Veg-LR', 'FGOALS-f3-L', 'FGOALS-g3', 'FIO-ESM-2-0',
           'GFDL-CM4', 'GFDL-ESM4', 'IITM-ESM', 'INM-CM4-8', 'INM-CM5-0',
           'IPSL-CM6A-LR', 'KACE-1-0-G', 'KIOST-ESM', 'MIROC6', 'MPI-ESM1-2-HR',
           'MPI-ESM1-2-LR', 'MRI-ESM2-0', 'NESM3', 'NorESM2-LM', 'NorESM2-MM',
           'TaiESM1'], dtype='<U16')

• Data variables: (1)
  • tas
    (source_id, experiment_id, year)
    float64
    287.0 287.0 287.2 ... nan nan nan

    array([[[287.00749364, 287.01698452, 287.17454216, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ..., 300.68990761,
             300.73173147, 300.76578769]],
    
           [[         nan, 286.82136175, 286.83013242, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan]],
    
           [[287.53316044, 287.57944112, 287.74630242, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan]],
    ...
           [[287.58305201, 287.80131659, 287.70510569, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan]],
    
           [[287.14579909, 287.16514246, 287.06030532, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan]],
    
           [[286.88855234, 287.0176198 , 287.02504101, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan],
            [         nan,          nan,          nan, ...,          nan,
                      nan,          nan]]])

• Indexes: (3)
  • year
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([1850.0, 1851.0, 1852.0, 1853.0, 1854.0, 1855.0, 1856.0, 1857.0, 1858.0,
           1859.0,
           ...
           2291.0, 2292.0, 2293.0, 2294.0, 2295.0, 2296.0, 2297.0, 2298.0, 2299.0,
           2300.0],
          dtype='float64', name='year', length=451))

  • experiment_id
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index(['historical', 'ssp245', 'ssp585'], dtype='object', name='experiment_id'))

  • source_id
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index(['ACCESS-CM2', 'AWI-CM-1-1-MR', 'BCC-CSM2-MR', 'CAMS-CSM1-0',
           'CAS-ESM2-0', 'CESM2-WACCM', 'CIESM', 'CMCC-CM2-SR5', 'CMCC-ESM2',
           'CanESM5', 'E3SM-1-1', 'EC-Earth3', 'EC-Earth3-CC', 'EC-Earth3-Veg',
           'EC-Earth3-Veg-LR', 'FGOALS-f3-L', 'FGOALS-g3', 'FIO-ESM-2-0',
           'GFDL-CM4', 'GFDL-ESM4', 'IITM-ESM', 'INM-CM4-8', 'INM-CM5-0',
           'IPSL-CM6A-LR', 'KACE-1-0-G', 'KIOST-ESM', 'MIROC6', 'MPI-ESM1-2-HR',
           'MPI-ESM1-2-LR', 'MRI-ESM2-0', 'NESM3', 'NorESM2-LM', 'NorESM2-MM',
           'TaiESM1'],
          dtype='object', name='source_id'))

• Attributes: (0)

df_all = big_ds.sel(year=slice(1900, 2100)).to_dataframe().reset_index()
df_all.head()

	source_id	experiment_id	year	tas
0	ACCESS-CM2	historical	1900.0	287.019917
1	ACCESS-CM2	historical	1901.0	286.966182
2	ACCESS-CM2	historical	1902.0	286.994328
3	ACCESS-CM2	historical	1903.0	286.797043
4	ACCESS-CM2	historical	1904.0	286.803313

sns.relplot(data=df_all,
            x="year", y="tas", hue='experiment_id',
            kind="line", ci="sd", aspect=2);

/home/runner/miniconda3/envs/cookbook-dev/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/axisgrid.py:854: FutureWarning: 

The `ci` parameter is deprecated. Use `errorbar='sd'` for the same effect.

  func(*plot_args, **plot_kwargs)

---

Summary

In this notebook, we accessed data for historical, SSP245, and SSP585 runs from a collection of CMIP6 models and plotted the multimodel-mean global average surface air temperature for each run.

What’s next?

We will use CMIP6 data to analyze precipitation intensity under a warming climate.

Resources and references

• Original notebook in the Pangeo Gallery by Henri Drake and Ryan Abernathey