Precipitation Frequency Analysis

import os
import sys
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import xarray as xr
import fsspec
from tqdm.autonotebook import tqdm
from xhistogram.xarray import histogram
from dask_gateway import Gateway
from dask.distributed import Client

%matplotlib inline
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = 12, 6

platform = sys.platform

if (platform == 'win32'):
    import multiprocessing.popen_spawn_win32
else:
    import multiprocessing.popen_spawn_posix

client = Client()
client

df = pd.read_csv('https://storage.googleapis.com/cmip6/cmip6-zarr-consolidated-stores.csv')
df.head()

df_3hr_pr = df[(df.table_id == '3hr') & (df.variable_id == 'pr')]
len(df_3hr_pr)

run_counts = df_3hr_pr.groupby(['source_id', 'experiment_id'])['zstore'].count()
run_counts

source_ids = []
experiment_ids = ['historical', 'ssp585']
for name, group in df_3hr_pr.groupby('source_id'):
    if all([expt in group.experiment_id.values
            for expt in experiment_ids]):
        source_ids.append(name)
source_ids

# Use only one model. Otherwise it takes too long to run on GitHub.
source_ids = ['BCC-CSM2-MR']

def load_pr_data(source_id, expt_id):
    """
    Load 3hr precip data for given source and expt ids
    """
    uri = df_3hr_pr[(df_3hr_pr.source_id == source_id) &
                         (df_3hr_pr.experiment_id == expt_id)].zstore.values[0]

    ds = xr.open_zarr(fsspec.get_mapper(uri), consolidated=True)
    return ds

def precip_hist(ds, nbins=100, pr_log_min=-3, pr_log_max=2):
    """
    Calculate precipitation histogram for a single model.
    Lazy.
    """
    assert ds.pr.units == 'kg m-2 s-1'

    # mm/day
    bins_mm_day = np.hstack([[0], np.logspace(pr_log_min, pr_log_max, nbins)])
    bins_kg_m2s = bins_mm_day / (24*60*60)

    pr_hist = histogram(ds.pr, bins=[bins_kg_m2s], dim=['lon']).mean(dim='time')

    log_bin_spacing = np.diff(np.log(bins_kg_m2s[1:3])).item()
    pr_hist_norm = 100 * pr_hist / ds.dims['lon'] / log_bin_spacing
    pr_hist_norm.attrs.update({'long_name': 'zonal mean rain frequency',
                               'units': '%/Δln(r)'})
    return pr_hist_norm

def precip_hist_for_expts(dsets, experiment_ids):
    """
    Calculate histogram for a suite of experiments.
    Eager.
    """
    # actual data loading and computations happen in this next line
    pr_hists = [precip_hist(ds).load()
            for ds in [ds_hist, ds_ssp]]
    pr_hist = xr.concat(pr_hists, dim=xr.Variable('experiment_id', experiment_ids))
    return pr_hist

results = {}
for source_id in tqdm(source_ids):
    # get a 20 year period
    ds_hist = load_pr_data(source_id, 'historical').sel(time=slice('1980', '2000'))
    ds_ssp = load_pr_data(source_id, 'ssp585').sel(time=slice('2080', '2100'))
    pr_hist = precip_hist_for_expts([ds_hist, ds_ssp], experiment_ids)
    results[source_id] = pr_hist

def plot_precip_changes(pr_hist, vmax=5):
    """
    Visualize the output
    """
    pr_hist_diff = (pr_hist.sel(experiment_id='ssp585') -
                    pr_hist.sel(experiment_id='historical'))
    pr_hist.sel(experiment_id='historical')[:, 1:].plot.contour(xscale='log', colors='0.5', levels=21)
    pr_hist_diff[:, 1:].plot.contourf(xscale='log', vmax=vmax, levels=21)

title = 'Change in Zonal Mean Rain Frequency'
for source_id, pr_hist in results.items():
    plt.figure()
    plot_precip_changes(pr_hist)
    plt.title(f'{title}: {source_id}')

client.shutdown()